The Tamil Calendar, observed by Tamil communities worldwide, is a lunisolar calendar based on the celestial movements of the moon and stars. It plays a crucial role in determining auspicious timings for events, deeply embedded in Tamil culture and traditions. This calendar is primarily used in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, and by Tamil diaspora in Malaysia, Singapore, and Sri Lanka for cultural and religious observances.
The Tamil year traditionally commences on April 14th and follows a 60-year cycle, mirroring other calendars used across the Indian subcontinent. Each day begins at sunrise and concludes at sunset. The Tamil calendar divides the year into six seasons, each encompassing two months. The fifth month, Aavani, and the tenth month, Thai, are considered highly auspicious for weddings and significant occasions, while the fourth month, Aadi, is generally deemed inauspicious.
The Tamil calendar comprises twelve months, commencing with Chithirai and concluding with Panguni. Each month holds specific cultural and religious significance. Chithirai, the first month, marks the Tamil New Year and typically corresponds to April 14th on the Gregorian calendar. This month has 31 days and features the Chithirai Thiruvizha festival.
Vaigasi, the second month, also has 31 days and is considered favourable for Muruga Kadavul (Lord Murugan). Vaigasi Visakam is a significant day within this month. Aani, the third month, has 32 days. Aadi, the fourth month, has 31 days and is associated with Aadi Amavasai and Aadiperukku festivals. Aavani, the fifth month, has 31 days.
Purattasi, the sixth month, has 31 days. Ippasi, the seventh month, has either 29 or 30 days. Kaarthigai, the eighth month, also has 29 or 30 days. Maargazhi, the ninth month, has 29 days. Thai, the tenth month, with 29 or 30 days, is the harvest month and includes the Pongal celebrations.
Maasi, the eleventh month, has 29 or 30 days. Finally, Panguni, the twelfth and final month, has 30 days. Understanding the intricacies of the Tamil calendar enables individuals to plan events in accordance with tradition and auspicious timing. Knowing “today’s calendar” in the context of the Tamil calendar offers valuable insights into cultural practices and beliefs.